Flow Accumulation (Top-Down)
| Author(s) | O.Conrad (c) 2001-2016, Portions by T.Grabs (c) 2010 |
| Library ID | ta_hydrology |
| Tool ID | 0 |
| Version | 1.0 |
| Menu | Terrain Analysis | Hydrology | Flow Accumulation |
Description
Top-down processing of cells for calculation of flow accumulation and related parameters. This set of algorithms processes a DEM downwards from the highest to the lowest cell.
Flow routing methods provided by this tool:
- Deterministic 8 (aka D8, O'Callaghan & Mark 1984)
- Braunschweiger Reliefmodell (Bauer et al. 1985)
- Rho 8 (Fairfield & Leymarie 1991)
- Multiple Flow Direction (Freeman 1991, Quinn et al. 1991)
- Deterministic Infinity (Tarboton 1997)
- Triangular Multiple Flow Direction (Seibert & McGlynn 2007
- Multiple Flow Direction based on Maximum Downslope Gradient (Qin et al. 2011)
References
Bauer, J., Rohdenburg, H. & Bork, H.-R. (1985): Ein Digitales Reliefmodell als Vorraussetzung für ein deterministisches Modell der Wasser- und Stoff-Flüsse. Landschaftsgenese und Landschaftsökologie, H.10, p.1-15.
Fairfield, J. & Leymarie, P. (1991): Drainage networks from grid digital elevation models. Water Resources Research, 27:709-717. doi:10.1029/90WR02658
Freeman, G.T. (1991): Calculating catchment area with divergent flow based on a regular grid. Computers and Geosciences, 17:413-22. doi:10.1016/0098-3004(91)90048-I
O'Callaghan, J.F. & Mark, D.M. (1984): The extraction of drainage networks from digital elevation data. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 28:323-344. doi:10.1016/S0734-189X(84)80011-0
Qin, C. Z., Zhu, A. X., Pei, T., Li, B. L., Scholten, T., Behrens, T. & Zhou, C. H. (2011): An approach to computing topographic wetness index based on maximum downslope gradient. Precision Agriculture, 12(1), 32-43. doi:10.1007/s11119-009-9152-y
Quinn, P.F., Beven, K.J., Chevallier, P. & Planchon, O. (1991): The prediction of hillslope flow paths for distributed hydrological modelling using digital terrain models. Hydrological Processes, 5:59-79. doi:10.1002/hyp.3360050106
Seibert, J. & McGlynn, B. (2007): A new triangular multiple flow direction algorithm for computing upslope areas from gridded digital elevation models. Water Resources Research, Vol. 43, W04501,
C++ implementation in SAGA by Thomas Grabs (c) 2007, contact: thomas.grabs@natgeo.su.se, jan.seibert@natgeo.su.se. doi:10.1029/2006WR005128
Tarboton, D.G. (1997): A new method for the determination of flow directions and upslope areas in grid digital elevation models. Water Resources Research, Vol.33, No.2, p.309-319. doi:10.1029/96WR03137
Parameters
| | Name | Type | Identifier | Description | Constraints |
|---|
| Input | Elevation | grid, input | ELEVATION | - | - |
| Sink Routes | grid, input, optional | SINKROUTE | - | - |
| Weights | grid, input, optional | WEIGHTS | - | - |
| Sinks | grid, input, optional | SINKS | A grid indicating sink (terminal) cells. Cells with valid values (i.e. not NoData) act as sinks that capture all incoming flow and sediment and do not route anything downslope. | - |
| Input for Mean over Catchment | grid, input, optional | VAL_INPUT | - | - |
| Material for Accumulation | grid, input, optional | ACCU_MATERIAL | - | - |
| Accumulation Target | grid, input | ACCU_TARGET | - | - |
| Linear Flow Threshold Grid | grid, input, optional | LINEAR_VAL | optional grid providing values to be compared with linear flow threshold instead of flow accumulation | - |
| Channel Direction | grid, input, optional | LINEAR_DIR | use this for (linear) flow routing, if the value is a valid direction (0-7 = N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) | - |
| Output | Flow Accumulation | grid, output | FLOW | - | - |
| Mean over Catchment | grid, output | VAL_MEAN | - | - |
| Accumulated Material | grid, output, optional | ACCU_TOTAL | - | - |
| Accumulated Material (Left Side) | grid, output, optional | ACCU_LEFT | - | - |
| Accumulated Material (Right Side) | grid, output, optional | ACCU_RIGHT | - | - |
| Flow Path Length | grid, output, optional | FLOW_LENGTH | average distance that a cell's accumulated flow travelled | - |
| Loss through Negative Weights | grid, output, optional | WEIGHT_LOSS | when using weights without support for negative flow: output of the absolute amount of negative flow that occurred | - |
| Options | Grid System | grid system | PARAMETERS_GRID_SYSTEM | - | - |
| Step | integer number | STEP | For testing purposes. Only generate flow at cells with step distance (each step row/column). | Minimum: 1
Default: 1 |
| Flow Accumulation Unit | choice | FLOW_UNIT | - | Available Choices:
[0] number of cells
[1] cell area
Default: 1 |
| Method | choice | METHOD | - | Available Choices:
[0] Deterministic 8
[1] Rho 8
[2] Braunschweiger Reliefmodell
[3] Deterministic Infinity
[4] Multiple Flow Direction
[5] Multiple Triangular Flow Direction
[6] Multiple Maximum Downslope Gradient Based Flow Direction
Default: 4 |
| Thresholded Linear Flow | boolean | LINEAR_DO | apply linear flow routing (D8) to all cells, having a flow accumulation greater than the specified threshold | Default: 0 |
| Linear Flow Threshold | integer number | LINEAR_MIN | flow accumulation threshold (cells) for linear flow routing | Minimum: 0
Default: 500 |
| Convergence | floating point number | CONVERGENCE | Convergence factor for Multiple Flow Direction Algorithm (Freeman 1991).
Applies also to the Multiple Triangular Flow Direction Algorithm. | Minimum: 0.001000
Default: 1.100000 |
| Contour Length | boolean | MFD_CONTOUR | Include (pseudo) contour length as additional weighting factor in multiple flow direction routing, reduces flow to diagonal neighbour cells by a factor of 0.71 (s. Quinn et al. 1991 for details). | Default: 0 |
| Prevent Negative Flow Accumulation | boolean | NO_NEGATIVES | when using weights: do not transport negative flow, set it to zero instead; useful e.g. when accumulating measures of water balance. | Default: 1 |
Command Line
Usage: saga_cmd ta_hydrology 0 [-ELEVATION ] [-SINKROUTE ] [-WEIGHTS ] [-SINKS ] [-FLOW ] [-VAL_INPUT ] [-VAL_MEAN ] [-ACCU_MATERIAL ] [-ACCU_TARGET ] [-ACCU_TOTAL ] [-ACCU_LEFT ] [-ACCU_RIGHT ] [-STEP ] [-FLOW_UNIT ] [-FLOW_LENGTH ] [-LINEAR_VAL ] [-LINEAR_DIR ] [-WEIGHT_LOSS ] [-METHOD ] [-LINEAR_DO ] [-LINEAR_MIN ] [-CONVERGENCE ] [-MFD_CONTOUR ] [-NO_NEGATIVES ]
-ELEVATION: Elevation
grid, input
-SINKROUTE: Sink Routes
grid, input, optional
-WEIGHTS: Weights
grid, input, optional
-SINKS: Sinks
grid, input, optional
-FLOW: Flow Accumulation
grid, output
-VAL_INPUT: Input for Mean over Catchment
grid, input, optional
-VAL_MEAN: Mean over Catchment
grid, output
-ACCU_MATERIAL: Material for Accumulation
grid, input, optional
-ACCU_TARGET: Accumulation Target
grid, input
-ACCU_TOTAL: Accumulated Material
grid, output, optional
-ACCU_LEFT: Accumulated Material (Left Side)
grid, output, optional
-ACCU_RIGHT: Accumulated Material (Right Side)
grid, output, optional
-STEP: Step
integer number
Minimum: 1
Default: 1
-FLOW_UNIT:
Flow Accumulation Unit
choice
Available Choices:
[0] number of cells
[1] cell area
Default: 1
-FLOW_LENGTH: Flow Path Length
grid, output, optional
-LINEAR_VAL: Linear Flow Threshold Grid
grid, input, optional
-LINEAR_DIR: Channel Direction
grid, input, optional
-WEIGHT_LOSS: Loss through Negative Weights
grid, output, optional
-METHOD:
Method
choice
Available Choices:
[0] Deterministic 8
[1] Rho 8
[2] Braunschweiger Reliefmodell
[3] Deterministic Infinity
[4] Multiple Flow Direction
[5] Multiple Triangular Flow Direction
[6] Multiple Maximum Downslope Gradient Based Flow Direction
Default: 4
-LINEAR_DO: Thresholded Linear Flow
boolean
Default: 0
-LINEAR_MIN: Linear Flow Threshold
integer number
Minimum: 0
Default: 500
-CONVERGENCE: Convergence
floating point number
Minimum: 0.001000
Default: 1.100000
-MFD_CONTOUR: Contour Length
boolean
Default: 0
-NO_NEGATIVES: Prevent Negative Flow Accumulation
boolean
Default: 1