Flow Accumulation (Top-Down)
- Author: O.Conrad (c) 2001-2016, Portions by T.Grabs (c) 2010
- Menu: Terrain Analysis | Hydrology | Flow Accumulation
Description
Top-down processing of cells for calculation of flow accumulation and related parameters. This set of algorithms processes a DEM downwards from the highest to the lowest cell. Flow routing methods provided by this tool:
- Deterministic 8 (aka D8, O'Callaghan & Mark 1984)
- Braunschweiger Reliefmodell (Bauer et al. 1985)
- Rho 8 (Fairfield & Leymarie 1991)
- Multiple Flow Direction (Freeman 1991, Quinn et al. 1991)
- Deterministic Infinity (Tarboton 1997)
- Triangular Multiple Flow Direction (Seibert & McGlynn 2007
- Multiple Flow Direction based on Maximum Downslope Gradient (Qin et al. 2011)
References
- Bauer, J., Rohdenburg, H. & Bork, H.-R. (1985): Ein Digitales Reliefmodell als Vorraussetzung fuer ein deterministisches Modell der Wasser- und Stoff-Fluesse. Landschaftsgenese und Landschaftsoekologie, H.10, p.1-15.
- Fairfield, J. & Leymarie, P. (1991): Drainage networks from grid digital elevation models. Water Resources Research, 27:709-717. doi:10.1029/90WR02658.
- Freeman, G.T. (1991): Calculating catchment area with divergent flow based on a regular grid. Computers and Geosciences, 17:413-22. doi:10.1016/0098-3004(91)90048-I.
- O'Callaghan, J.F. & Mark, D.M. (1984): The extraction of drainage networks from digital elevation data. Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing, 28:323-344. doi:10.1016/S0734-189X(84)80011-0.
- Qin, C. Z., Zhu, A. X., Pei, T., Li, B. L., Scholten, T., Behrens, T. & Zhou, C. H. (2011): An approach to computing topographic wetness index based on maximum downslope gradient. Precision Agriculture, 12(1), 32-43. doi:10.1007/s11119-009-9152-y.
- Quinn, P.F., Beven, K.J., Chevallier, P. & Planchon, O. (1991): The prediction of hillslope flow paths for distributed hydrological modelling using digital terrain models. Hydrological Processes, 5:59-79. doi:10.1002/hyp.3360050106.
- Seibert, J. & McGlynn, B. (2007): A new triangular multiple flow direction algorithm for computing upslope areas from gridded digital elevation models. Water Resources Research, Vol. 43, W04501,
C++ implementation in SAGA by Thomas Grabs (c) 2007, contact: thomas.grabs@natgeo.su.se, jan.seibert@natgeo.su.se. doi:10.1029/2006WR005128. - Tarboton, D.G. (1997): A new method for the determination of flow directions and upslope areas in grid digital elevation models. Water Resources Research, Vol.33, No.2, p.309-319. doi:10.1029/96WR03137.
Parameters
Name | Type | Identifier | Description | Constraints | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Input | Elevation | grid, input | ELEVATION | - | - |
Sink Routes | grid, input, optional | SINKROUTE | - | - | |
Weights | grid, input, optional | WEIGHTS | - | - | |
Input for Mean over Catchment | grid, input, optional | VAL_INPUT | - | - | |
Material for Accumulation | grid, input, optional | ACCU_MATERIAL | - | - | |
Accumulation Target | grid, input | ACCU_TARGET | - | - | |
Linear Flow Threshold Grid | grid, input, optional | LINEAR_VAL | optional grid providing values to be compared with linear flow threshold instead of flow accumulation | - | |
Channel Direction | grid, input, optional | LINEAR_DIR | use this for (linear) flow routing, if the value is a valid direction (0-7 = N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) | - | |
Output | Flow Accumulation | grid, output | FLOW | - | - |
Mean over Catchment | grid, output | VAL_MEAN | - | - | |
Accumulated Material | grid, output, optional | ACCU_TOTAL | - | - | |
Accumulated Material (Left Side) | grid, output, optional | ACCU_LEFT | - | - | |
Accumulated Material (Right Side) | grid, output, optional | ACCU_RIGHT | - | - | |
Flow Path Length | grid, output, optional | FLOW_LENGTH | average distance that a cell's accumulated flow travelled | - | |
Loss through Negative Weights | grid, output, optional | WEIGHT_LOSS | when using weights without support for negative flow: output of the absolute amount of negative flow that occurred | - | |
Options | Grid System | grid system | PARAMETERS_GRID_SYSTEM | - | - |
Step | integer number | STEP | For testing purposes. Only generate flow at cells with step distance (each step row/column). | Minimum: 1 Default: 1 | |
Flow Accumulation Unit | choice | FLOW_UNIT | - | Available Choices: [0] number of cells [1] cell area Default: 1 | |
Method | choice | METHOD | - | Available Choices: [0] Deterministic 8 [1] Rho 8 [2] Braunschweiger Reliefmodell [3] Deterministic Infinity [4] Multiple Flow Direction [5] Multiple Triangular Flow Directon [6] Multiple Maximum Downslope Gradient Based Flow Directon Default: 4 | |
Thresholded Linear Flow | boolean | LINEAR_DO | apply linear flow routing (D8) to all cells, having a flow accumulation greater than the specified threshold | Default: 0 | |
Linear Flow Threshold | integer number | LINEAR_MIN | flow accumulation threshold (cells) for linear flow routing | Minimum: 0 Default: 500 | |
Convergence | floating point number | CONVERGENCE | Convergence factor for Multiple Flow Direction Algorithm (Freeman 1991). Applies also to the Multiple Triangular Flow Directon Algorithm. | Minimum: 0.001000 Default: 1.100000 | |
Contour Length | boolean | MFD_CONTOUR | Include (pseudo) contour length as additional weighting factor in multiple flow direction routing, reduces flow to diagonal neighbour cells by a factor of 0.71 (s. Quinn et al. 1991 for details). | Default: 0 | |
Prevent Negative Flow Accumulation | boolean | NO_NEGATIVES | when using weights: do not transport negative flow, set it to zero instead; useful e.g. when accumulating measures of water balance. | Default: 1 |
Command Line
Usage: saga_cmd ta_hydrology 0 [-ELEVATION] [-SINKROUTE ] [-WEIGHTS ] [-FLOW ] [-VAL_INPUT ] [-VAL_MEAN ] [-ACCU_MATERIAL ] [-ACCU_TARGET ] [-ACCU_TOTAL ] [-ACCU_LEFT ] [-ACCU_RIGHT ] [-STEP ] [-FLOW_UNIT ] [-FLOW_LENGTH ] [-LINEAR_VAL ] [-LINEAR_DIR ] [-WEIGHT_LOSS ] [-METHOD ] [-LINEAR_DO ] [-LINEAR_MIN ] [-CONVERGENCE ] [-MFD_CONTOUR ] [-NO_NEGATIVES ] -ELEVATION: Elevation grid, input -SINKROUTE: Sink Routes grid, input, optional -WEIGHTS: Weights grid, input, optional -FLOW: Flow Accumulation grid, output -VAL_INPUT: Input for Mean over Catchment grid, input, optional -VAL_MEAN: Mean over Catchment grid, output -ACCU_MATERIAL: Material for Accumulation grid, input, optional -ACCU_TARGET: Accumulation Target grid, input -ACCU_TOTAL: Accumulated Material grid, output, optional -ACCU_LEFT: Accumulated Material (Left Side) grid, output, optional -ACCU_RIGHT: Accumulated Material (Right Side) grid, output, optional -STEP: Step integer number Minimum: 1 Default: 1 -FLOW_UNIT: Flow Accumulation Unit choice Available Choices: [0] number of cells [1] cell area Default: 1 -FLOW_LENGTH: Flow Path Length grid, output, optional -LINEAR_VAL: Linear Flow Threshold Grid grid, input, optional -LINEAR_DIR: Channel Direction grid, input, optional -WEIGHT_LOSS: Loss through Negative Weights grid, output, optional -METHOD: Method choice Available Choices: [0] Deterministic 8 [1] Rho 8 [2] Braunschweiger Reliefmodell [3] Deterministic Infinity [4] Multiple Flow Direction [5] Multiple Triangular Flow Directon [6] Multiple Maximum Downslope Gradient Based Flow Directon Default: 4 -LINEAR_DO: Thresholded Linear Flow boolean Default: 0 -LINEAR_MIN: Linear Flow Threshold integer number Minimum: 0 Default: 500 -CONVERGENCE: Convergence floating point number Minimum: 0.001000 Default: 1.100000 -MFD_CONTOUR: Contour Length boolean Default: 0 -NO_NEGATIVES: Prevent Negative Flow Accumulation boolean Default: 1